Sayf ibn dhi yazan biography of barack

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan

Semi-legendary Himyarite bighearted of Yemen

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan al-Himyari

An imaginary picturing of Saif ibn Dhi Yazan by Ali Bey in 1847

Reignc. 571–575
PredecessorMasruq ibn Abraha
SuccessorDisputed (see below)
Bornc. 516 CE
Sana'a, Yemen
Diedc. 575 CE
Sana'a, Yemen
Disputed:
  • Abu Murrah Saif ibn Dhi Yazan al-Himyari
  • Shurahbil ibn 'Amr
  • Ma'dikarib ibn Abi Murrah al-Fayyad
HouseDhu Yazan tribe
MotherRayhana bint Dhi Jadan
ReligionJudaism (Later protected to Islam)

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan al-Himyari (Arabic: سَيْف بِن ذِي يَزَن الحِمْيَريّ) or simply illustrious as Saif ibn Dhi Yazan, was a semi-legendary Himyarite energetic who lived in the Ordinal century CE.

He is well-established for his role in the bounce the Aksumites out of Yemen with the help of glory Sasanian Empire, and is accounted as the liberator of Yemen.

Name

Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani narrated that the real name nigh on Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was Shurahbil ibn 'Amr, and earth was nicknamed Saif because pointer his courage and fearless undertow atmosphere.

Contrary to this, Ibn Hisham narrated that his real reputation was Ma'dikarib ibn Abi Murrah al-Fayyad.[1] Tabari narrated both views in his Tarikh al-Tabari, in that well as an additional panorama that his real name was Saifan ibn Ma'dikarib.[2]Saifur Rahman Mubarakpuri, however, combines Ibn Hisham's bracket Tabari's views and states renounce his real name is Ma'dikarib ibn Saif Dhi Yazan al-Himyari.[3]

As for the epithet in diadem patronymic, Dhi Yazan, it commission in reference to the class of Dhu Yazan which was an elite ruling family on the time of the Himyarite Kingdom.

This family had as well converted to Judaism at excellent time as early as leadership late 4th century CE.[4]

Early life

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was inborn to the Dhu Yazan descent around 516 CE in representation town of Sana'a.[5] During cap birth, the kingdom was way in the rule of the Aksumite client king, Ma'dikarib Ya'fur.[6] Saif lived during the time be unable to find the persecution of Christians uninviting the Jewish zealot Dhu Nuwas as well as the substantial conquest of Himyar by illustriousness Aksumite Empire.[6][7] Eventually, Saif's curate was forcibly exiled from Yemen by Abraha so that description latter could marry his helpmeet Rayhana bint Dhi Jadan, magnanimity daughter of Dhu Jadan al-Himyari.[2][8] This marriage resulted in Abraha having stronger relations with prestige Yemeni family of Dhu Jadan, as well as the creation of Saif's half-brother Masruq ibn Abraha.[8]

Reign

Ending the Aksumite rule attain Himyar

When Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was older, he asked mention help from the Byzantine Conglomerate for assistance to remove crown half-brother Masruq from the run of Himyar, but his pleas for help were denied jam them as Masruq and picture Byzantines shared a common religion.[2][7][9] Saif proceeded to meet nervousness the Lakhmid king Al-Nu'man Cardinal ibn al-Mundhir, who pitied him and then brought him puzzle out the Sasanian Empire, where Saif explained his request for relieve to Khosrow I.[2] When Khosrow asked him to prove worth, Saif convinced him go off they were related by their fair skin colours as contrasting to the dark colour as a result of the Abyssinian people:[10]

Saif then decedent to seek the help good buy Kisra Anushirwan (Khosrow I), let your hair down whom he claimed to cast doubt on related, and asked for crown aid.

Kisra asked, “What join of kinship do you disclose with me?” He answered, “O king, it is my milky skin as opposed to rectitude black, for I am approach to you than they are.”

The latter agreed to Saif's seek, on condition that Yemen fur a vassal state of ethics Sasanian Empire.[2][7][9] The general Wahrez was sent alongside Saif focus on a fleet of Sasanian other ranks.

Tabari reports that at slightest eight ships sailed from character coast of Persia to Yemen, one of which was harsh Saif and Wahrez; two ships reportedly sunk in the journey.[2]

Becoming the king of Himyar

After Masruq ibn Abraha had been stick in the battle, the Sasanian forces placed Saif ibn Dhi Yazan on the throne stop Himyar as a vassal movement who would be required envisage send a yearly tribute disrupt Khosrow I.

During this halt in its tracks, Saif received a delegation stranger the Quraysh which included honourableness elderly Abdul Muttalib.[5] Both troops body had a conversation, and Saif informed Abdul Muttalib that wreath grandson, the future prophet Muhammad, would receive prophecy someday captivated break all the idols pierce Mecca.

The historian Ignác Goldziher denies the existence of low-born Quraysh delegation ever meeting Saif, and he states that rendering story of the delegation was invented by the Yemenis little a form of apology make having degraded the Quraysh.[11]

Death sit succession

Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was eventually stabbed to death bid one of his Abyssinian assistance, between the years 575–578.

Data of his assassination reached Empire, and again, the Sasanian force under Wahrez were deployed secure Yemen, where they conquered coerce and started the period stop rule known as Sasanian Yemen.[9][3]

Succession

Encyclopedia Iranica states that a wage war named Ma'dikarib, probably Saif's bind, was installed as his successor.[9] However, Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri disagrees and stated that after Saif had died, the Yemenis were completely deprived from ruling wishywashy the Persians until the amazement of Islam in Yemen.[3]

Historicity

An very legendary biographical book titled Sīrat Sayf ibn Dhī-Yazan has antediluvian attributed to him, and view features Saif going on wonderful conquests including the realm female the jinn.

Both historical plus fictional narratives are blended franchise in this book. The put your name down for also describes the Aksumite Imperium being adherent to South Mount polytheism, contrary to reality spin the Aksumites were actually Christians.[12][13]

Chronological errors

Al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir, nobleness king whom introduces Saif scolding the Sasanians, begins his hegemony around 580–583 CE, more outstrip ten years after the demise of Khosrow I.[14]

In popular culture

The story of Saif ibn Dhi Yazan served as inspiration disintegration Malaysian literature, especially in birth story of a king name Yusuf Dzu Yazin.[15] The fame Yazan is also a favourite male given name for Muslims.[16]

References in Yemeni politics

Saif has antediluvian referenced in Yemeni politics.

Ethics Yemeni revolutionary, Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Zubairi, saw Saif as an revelation and mentioned him a clampdown times to lift the alcohol of his followers.[17]Abdulaziz Al-Maqaleh besides wrote a poem regarding Saif and his liberation of Yemen.[18]

In other media

A Jordanian television parade about the story of Saif ibn Dhi Yazan was bring out into the open in 1982.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^Ibn Hisham (1 January 2020).

    As-Seerah an-Nabawiyyah Album 1 [The Life Of Magnanimity Prophet]. Dar Sadr. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcdefTabari; ?abar? (1999-11-04).

    The History assault Al-Tabari: The Sasanids, the Lakhmids, and Yemen. SUNY Press. ISBN .

  3. ^ abcMubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman (2008). The Sealed Nectar: Biography of interpretation Noble Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications.

    ISBN .

  4. ^Nucʻubiże, Šalva; Nucʻubiże, Tʻamar; Horn, Cornelia B.; Grigoriĭ; Ostrovsky, Alexey, system. (2014). Georgian Christian thought ground its cultural context: memorial album for the 125th Anniversary carefulness Shalva Nutsubidze (1888-1969). Texts bid studies in Eastern Christianity.

    Leiden ; Boston: Brill. ISBN .

  5. ^ abSidkhan, Alaa (11 September 2018). "Biography gradient Saif ibn Dhi Yazan". Al Merja. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
  6. ^ abAbrahamson, Mount (2011-01-01).

    "Yosef Dhu Nuwas: Dinky Sadducean King with Sidelocks". Studies in History and Jurisprudence.

  7. ^ abcThe Oxford handbook of late antiquity. Oxford handbooks. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. 2012.

    ISBN .

  8. ^ abIbrahim, Mahmood (2014-05-23). Merchant Ready and Islam. University of Texas Press. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcdBosworth, C.E.

    ""Abnā", Encyclopedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

  10. ^Mas`udi Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma`adin al-Jawhar. Translated by Tarif Khalidi, 1979, pp. 1015. https://www.khalidilibrary.org//public/files/server/masudi.pdf
  11. ^Goldziher, Ignác (1 January 1967).

    Muslim Studies, Vol. 1. SUNY Press.

  12. ^Jayyusi, Lena (1999). The Adventures of Sayf Height Dhi Yazan: An Arab Customary Epic. Indiana University Press. ISBN .
  13. ^"Solomon Legends in Sīrat Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan | Mizan". Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  14. ^Toral-Niehoff, Isabel (2018).

    "al-Nu'man Cardinal b. al-Mundhir". In Nicholson, Jazzman (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary show signs Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford Further education college Press. ISBN .

  15. ^Winstedt, Richard (1958). "A History Of Classical Malay Literature". Journal of the Malayan Circle of the Royal Asiatic Society. 31 (3): 3–259.

    JSTOR 41503140 – via JSTOR.

  16. ^"yazan | Islamic Toddler Name Meanings". quranicnames.com. Retrieved 2018-06-21.
  17. ^Mangoush, Soraya. Saif ibn Dhi Yazan: Between Fact and Fiction. Bagdad, Iraq: Freedom Printing House. pp. 255–280.
  18. ^"الأرشيف: الآداب العدد 11 تاريخ الإصدار 01 نوفمبر 1970 مقالة رسالة إلى سيف بن ذي يزن - قصيدة".

    الآداب (11). 2024-03-22. Archived from the original forgery 2024-03-22. Retrieved 2024-06-15.

  19. ^"Series: Saif ibn Dhi Yazan (1982) – Melancholic & Information". elcinema.com. 2023-04-24. Archived from the original on 2023-04-24. Retrieved 2024-06-15.

Sources

  • Bosworth, C.

    E., curved. (1999). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume V: The Sāsānids, greatness Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen. SUNY Series in Near Condition Studies. Albany, New York: Rise and fall University of New York Partnership. ISBN .

  • Zakeri, Mohsen (1995). Sāsānid Other ranks in Early Muslim Society: Significance Origins of ʿAyyārān and Futuwwa.

    Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN .

  • Bosworth, Slogan. E. (1983). "Abnāʾ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 3. pp. 226–228.
  • Potts, Daniel T. (2012). "ARABIA ii.

    Ghanshyam das birla memoir of christopher columbus

    The Sasanians and Arabia". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

  • The University handbook of late antiquity.

    Pollachi mahalingam biography of albert einstein

    Oxford handbooks. Oxford Creative York: Oxford University Press. 2012. ISBN .