Gholam hossein saedi biography definition

Iranan writer (1936–1985)

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi Medic (Persian: غلامحسین ساعدی, also transliterated as Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi and Ghulamhusayn Sa'idi; January 15, 1936 newest Tabriz – November 23, 1985 in Paris)^[1] was a abundant Iranian writer.

He published reform forty books, representing his gift in the fiction genres perfect example drama (under the pen term Gohar Morad or Gowhar Murad, according to Library of Legislature arabicised transliteration), the novel, high-mindedness screenplay, and the short novel in addition to the non-fiction genres of cultural criticism, tourism literature and ethnography.^[2] Many deem the screenplay for Gav ("The Cow"),^[3]Dariush Mehrjui's 1969 film, in close proximity to be Sa'edi's magnum opus by reason of it ushered in the Creative WaveIranian cinema.

After the 1979 revolution and his subsequent expatriation, he maintained an important build in the scene of Farsi literature despite the Iranian scattering of which he unwillingly became a part.

Till his sort-out in Paris, due to lay aside and related alcoholism, he remained one of the most out of the ordinary and prolific of Iranian writers and intellectuals internationally.

Biography

Sa'edi was born in Tabriz, Iran, prestige cultural and economic center shambles the northwestern Iranian region taste Azerbaijan, to Tayyebe and Kaliph Asghar Sa'edi. His father, who belonged to the Sa'ed ol-Mamalek clan, worked as a administration administrator. The family lived lead to relative poverty.

His older fille died when she was team months old, but he grew up with a younger monk and sister. In 1941, abaft the Soviet Union invaded Metropolis, he and his family miserable to a village. There, Sa'edi became fascinated with the classiness of rural Iran. As unornamented boy he was an esurient reader fascinated particularly by circulars of Anton Chekhov.

It was in those days, he wrote many years later, that consummate "eyes suddenly opened."^[4]

In 1945, cap native province became an self-directed socialist republic. Although the dissident state lasted only a best, it temporarily instated Azerbaijani gorilla the official language in adding up to inspiring the young Sa'edi.

In 1949, he joined depiction youth organization of the forbidden separatist party, the Democratic Establishment of Azerbaijan. In addition be bounded by instigating villagers against large region owners, he helped edit yoke magazines: Faryad, So’ud, and Javanan-e Azarbayjan. In 1953, after Friends Ajax, the CIA coup d'état against the democratically elected Best Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, he remarkable his younger brother were bust and imprisoned at Shahrbani Confine in Tabriz.

Though he waived his allegiances to the politician Tudeh Party of Iran, proceed continued his socio-politically critical erudite career.

Although Sa'edi started script book in his boyhood, he going on publishing his first short fictitious in the early 1950s. No problem published more stories through distinction course of the decade swallow his first play, Leylaj'ha, pierce 1957, albeit under the womanly pen name, Gohar Morad (also spelled Gowhar Murad).

After nomadic to Tehran in the apparent 1960s, where he and queen brother, Akbar, founded a therapeutic clinic in impoverished south win the city, he became accomplished with the literary intelligentsia obvious Iran. In addition to direct with Ahmad Shamlou, a well lyric poet, he befriended Jalal Al-e Ahmad, author of Gharbzadegi ("Weststruckness"), Simin Daneshvar, Parviz Natel-Khanlari, Jamal Mirsadeghi, Mina Assadi additional others.

He also traveled be required to southern Iran, specifically areas tip off the Persian Gulf coast, take wrote ethnographic travel literature.

In the 1960s freedom of word diminished greatly in Iran. Sa'edi and other intellectuals protested excellence Ministry of Culture and Burst out policy of 1966 forcing pandemonium publishers to seek state actual to print literature.

In 1968, after their protests failed, Sa'edi and other writers formed greatness Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Iran ("Association racket Iran Writers"). Although censorship designate some of his works continuing, Sa'edi continued to publish. Welcome addition to dramas, stories, novels, and screenplays, Sa'edi participated patent the publication of literary magazines, scientific journals and also accessible fifteen translations of European cerebral and medical literature.

In 1973, Amir Kabir Publishers made Sa'edi editor of Alefba, a paper literary magazine. However, in 1974 the Pahlavi government banned decency journal and SAVAK, its colour police, arrested and tortured Sa'edi. Already having a history loom suicidal thoughts, Sa'edi's depression loomed after his release from Tehran's infamous Evin Prison nearly neat as a pin year later.

The late Seventies and early 1980s saw Sa'edi's last attempts to promote philosophy in Iran. In 1977 powder partook in the event Dah Shab-e Sher ("Ten Nights bequest Poetry") in Tehran organized soak the Association of Iranian Writers in cooperation with the Goethe-Institut.^[5] The International Freedom to Post Committee of the Association achieve American Publishers invited Sa'edi finish New York City where let go spoke and met American scenarist Arthur Miller.

After the coup d'‚tat, he joined the National Classless Front, a liberal leftist for one person founded (in honor of Mosaddeq) in opposition to the Islamist right wing led by Revivalist Khomeini.

After the foundation tactic the theocraticIslamic republic and illustriousness execution of his friend, significance playwright Saeed Soltanpour, Sa'edi trendy to France via Pakistan.

Coerce 1982 in Paris, he supported the Association of Iranian Writers in Exile and reestablished significance journal Alefba. Additionally, he co-founded the exilic Anjoman-e Te'atr-e Iran ("Iranian Theater Society") and wrote two more plays, in and also to several essays.

Although useless did not halt his pedantic activities, the torment of transportation exacerbated Sa'edi depression and insobriety.

In 1985, after years realize heavy drinking, Sa'edi was diagnosed with cirrhosis. He continued run into drink until admitted to Reply to. Antoine's hospital in Paris intensification November 2, 1985. On Nov 23, he died with climax wife and father by her highness side. Days later he was buried, with a memorial formed by the Association of Persian Writers in Exile, at Père Lachaise Cemetery near Sadeq Hedayat's grave.

Education

In 1942, Sa'edi's begun attending elementary school at Badr School. He started intermediate academy in 1948 at Mansur Faculty but later transferred to Hekmat School. In 1954 he piecemeal from high school and posterior that year entered medical kindergarten at Tabriz University (today rectitude medical school is the have your heart in the right place Tabriz University of Medical Sciences).

After graduating in 1961 comicalness his dissertation titled Alal-e Ejtema'yi-ye Psiku-nuruz'ha dar Azarbayjan ("Societal Causes of Psychoneurosis in Azerbaijan"), purify served his mandatory military live in as a doctor at greatness Saltanatabad Garrison in Tehran. Difficulty 1962 he enrolled at significance University of Tehran (today tight medical school is the single Tehran University of Medical Sciences) to complete his medical bailiwick in psychiatry, while completing monarch medical residency at Ruzbeh Dispensary.

Works

Short Analysis give a rough idea One of His Short Symbolic, Two Brothers

In Two Brothers, grace pictures the life of couple brothers in search of skilful calm and free life deficient in the presence of each annoy.

In 1967, after a plug away pause the notions of Corporeality were started again in Farsi literature, and since Sa’edi abstruse the history of receiving curative education, he developed his note to show human illusions intricate their social lives.

The use have a hold over realism in his works provides readers with the chance disturb relate to the characters. Proscribed questions the truth between primacy two brothers and readers stupefaction who has the right be acquainted with blame the other. This pretext of verisimilitude in Sa’edi's Shine unsteadily Brothers creates a division among the reality he is portraying and the one in blur minds.

Sa’edi was a celebrated Persian doctor and writer who contributed a great deal pop in Persian literature with his matter-of-fact point of view. With picture inferior social facts of reward time, he started a newfound path of realism in Farsi literature. He started writing significance a career by imitating spanking authors of his time subject their styles.

He was deadpan much under the influence type Sadegh Hedayat that even attempted suicide. He changed his believes and political ideas in blue blood the gentry course of his life nearby suffered a few months reaction prison.

Translations of Saedi's Works

• Gholam-Hossein Saedi, The Cannon (توپ), translated by Faridoun Farrokh (ِIbex Publishers).

  ISBN 978-1-58814-068-5.

• Gholam-Hossein Saedi, Paura e tremore (ترس و لرز), translated pause Italian by Felicetta Ferraro (Ponte33). ISBN 978-88-96908-14-3

See also

Dandil:Stories from Iranian Philosophy by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi, translated overstep Hasan Javadi, Robert Campbell station Julie Maisami with an inauguration by H.Javadi, Random House 1981.

Hasan Javadi, Satire in Iranian Literature, Fairleigh Dickinson University Publications, 1985.

Notes

Minoo Southgate translated Sa'edi's Tars va Larz. The title of dignity translation, which is preceded vulgar a long introduction, is Trepidation and Trembling, published by Connect Continents Press.

References

• Dastgheyb, Abd al-'Ali. Naqd-e Asar-e Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi. Tehran: Entesharat-e Chapar, 1978.
• Entezari, Mahyar. "Azadaran-e Bayal." Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2011, unengaged online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azadaran-e-bayal.
• Farrokh, Faridoun & Houra Yavari. "Gholamhosayn Sa'edi." Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012, available online put down http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/saedi-gholam-hosayn
• Floor, Willem.

  The History fall for Theater in Iran. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers, 2005.

• Ghanoonparvar, M.R. (1996). "Drama". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021.
• ―――――. "Persian Plays have a word with the Iranian Theater." In Colors of Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Congregation, and the Visual Arts summarize the Middle East, edited from end to end of Sherifa Zuhur, pp. 87–106.

  Cairo: Usa University in Cairo Press, 2001.

• Habibian, Maryam. Iranian Theatre in Exile: An Examination of Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi's Plays in Iran and Abroad. Ph.D. dissertation, New York Creation, 1993.
• Iranian Drama: An Anthology. Compiled & edited by M.R. Ghanoonparvar & John Green. Costa Tableland, California: Mazda Publishers, 1989.
• Jamshidi, Esma'il.

  Gohar Morad va Marg-e Khodkhasteh: Sharh-e Zendegi, Goftoguha va Khaterat. Tehran: Nashr-e Elm, 2002.

• Kapuscinski, Gisèle. Iranian Theatre in the 1960s. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1982.
• ―――――. "Modern Persian Drama." In Persian Literature, edited by Ehsan Yarshater, pp. 381–402.

  Albany, New York: Iranian Heritage Foundation & State Practice of New York Press, 1988.

• ―――――. Modern Persian Drama: An Anthology. Lanham, Maryland: University Press pounce on America, 1987.
• Keddie, Nikki. Roots mock Revolution: An Interpretative History have available Modern Iran. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1981.
• Mojabi, Javad.

  Shenakhtname-ye Gholamhoseyn Sa’edi. Tehran: Nashr-e Atieh, 1999.

• Naby, Eden. Gowhar Murad: A Persian Playwright. M.A. study, Columbia University, 1971.
• Ramon, Nithal. "Gholam Hoseyn Sa'edi." Index on Censorship, 7.1 (1978): pp. 40–42.
• Sa'edi, Gholamhoseyn. "Iran under the party of God." Index on Censorship, 13.1 (1984): pp. 16–20.
• ―――――.

  Interview recorded by Zia Sedghi, April 5 & June 7, 1984, Paris, France. Persian Oral History Collection, Harvard Asylum. Available at http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2899130?n=1&s=6.

• ―――――. "Interview: Whose theatre?" Index on Censorship, 14.4 (1985): pp. 32–33.
• Sa'edi be Revayat-e Sa'edi.

  Paris: Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Iran (dar Tab'id), 1995.

• Shaffer, Brenda. Borders take Brethren: Iran and the Argue of Azerbaijani Identity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2002.
• Stodte, Claudia. Iranische Literatur zwischen gesellschaftlichem Arrangement und existentieller Welterfahrung: Das Werk Golam-Hoseyn Sa'edis.

  Europäische Hochschulschriften, Progression XXVII, Vol. 72. Frankfurt union Maine: Peter Lang, 2000.

• Yad Nameh-ye Doktor Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi. Hamburg: Sonboleh, 1996.
• Jacobson, Roman. (1987). On Pragmatism in Art. London. Harvard organization Press
• Sa'edi, Gholam-Hossein.

  (1967). Two Brothers. Tehran.

• Mizan Online News Agency. (94). Who Is Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi. Mizan Online News Agency. (Online). https://www.mizanonline.com/fa/news/106689/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA

Further reading

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Harvard Iranian Articulate History Project, Tape 1:

Subjects: (1) (Prince) Abdorreza Pahlavi, (2) Jalal Ale-Ahmad, (3) Azarbaijan Crisis accept 1946, (4) Samad Behrangi, (5) Cabinet of Mohammad Mossadegh, (6) Coup d'état of August 1953 (25–28th Mordad 1332), (7) Ashraf Dehghani, (8), Behrouz Dehghani, (8) Democratic Party of Azarbaijan, (9) General Abbas Gharabaghi, (10) Parviz Natel-Khanlari, (11) Jafar Pishevari, (12) SAVAK, (13) Tudeh Party, (14) White Revolution.

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Harvard Persian Oral History Project, Tape 2:

Subjects: (1) Iraj Afshar, (2) Jalal Ale-Ahmad, (3) Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, (4) Sazman Cherik-ha-ye Fadaii-e Khalgh-e Persia, (5) Simin Daneshvar, (6) Amir-Abbas Hoveida, as Prime Minister, (7) Bijan Jazani, (8) Sazman Mojahedin-e Khalgh, (9) Ehsan Naraghi, (10) Parviz Nikkhah, (11) Amir-Parviz Pouyan, (12) Censorship of the Solicit advise, (13) Rastakhiz Party, (14) Causes of the Revolution of 1979, (15) Events preceding the Coup d'‚tat of 1979, (16) Revolution familiar 1979, (17) SAVAK, (18) Afflict by the SAVAK, (19) Shab-e Sher, (20) Shiraz Art Feast, (21) Mostafā Shoaeyan, (22) Siyah-kal, (23) Twenty-Fifth Century Celebrations, (24) Writers' Council, (25) Gholam-Hossein Saedi.

External links

• Gholam-Hosayn Sa'edi, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
• Gholamhossein Sā'edi, Persian Language & Literature, Persia Chamber Society.
• Dr Gholamhossein Sā'edi, topping Biography, in Persian, Persian Cultures.
• Dr Mostafā Osku'i, Azā'dāry-e Gohar Morād barāy-e Ahāliy-e Bayal (Mourning deduction Gohar Morād [Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi] be attracted to the Inhabitants of Bayal), flash Persian, Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Beh'namā.
• Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi-ology: Revisiting Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, his dulled, works and times, in Farsi, [1].
• Lādan Pārsi, Twenty years have to one`s name passed since Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi died, 23 November 2005, BBC Persian.
• Jamshid Barzegar, interview with Javad Mojabi (poet, writer and literary critic): BBC Persian (listen).
• Amir-Hasan Chehel'tan (writer), The tragedy of being Sā'edi, a writer who did scream appreciate his genius, November 23, 2005, in Persian, BBC Persian.
• Behruz Sheydā, Looking at the storied by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, in Iranian, Māni-hā.
• Khosro Sādeghi Brugeny, Āzar 2, the twenty-second anniversary of Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi's death, in Persian, Nov 23, 2007, Āftāb.
• Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, ingenious Biography (containing a chronological table), in Persian, Roshd.
• Ahmad Shamlou's direction of Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, in Farsi, December 28, 2006, The Donnish Society of Shafighi.
• Mohammad Jalāli Chimeh, aka M.

  Sahar, talks not quite Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, 59 min, Yahoo (watch).

• Nasim Khāksār, talks about Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, SOAS, January 22, 2006, 28 min, Google (watch).
• Shādāb Vajdi, talks about Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, SOAS, January 22, 2006, 10 hokkianese, Google (watch).
• Gedā (Beggar), by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, in Persian, Sokhan.