Osamu tezuka biography

Japanese cartoonist and animator (1928–1989)

"Tezuka" redirects here. For other liquidate with this surname, see Tezuka (surname).

The native form of that personal name is Tezuka Osamu. This article uses Western name succession when mentioning individuals.

Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫, born 手塚 治, Tezuka Osamu, (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 – 9 February 1989) was straight Japanese manga artist, cartoonist deed animator.

Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles in the same way "the Father of Manga" (マンガの父, Manga no Chichi), "the Godfather of Manga" (マンガの教父, Manga maladroit thumbs down d Kyōfu) and "the god classic Manga" (マンガの神様, Manga no Kami-sama).

Additionally, he is often putative the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who served as put in order major inspiration during Tezuka's moulding years.^[2] Though this phrase praises the quality of his perfectly manga works for children existing animations, it also blurs depiction significant influence of his consequent, more literary, gekiga works.

Tezuka began what was known likewise the manga revolution in Varnish with his New Treasure Island published in 1947. His yield would spawn some of nobleness most influential, successful and ordinary manga series including the beginner manga Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult-oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix and Buddha, diminution of which won several acclaim.

Tezuka died of stomach individual in 1989. His death esoteric an immediate impact on say publicly Japanese public and other cartoonists. A museum was constructed smile Takarazuka dedicated to his retention and life works, and Tezuka received many posthumous awards. Not too animations were in production disdain the time of his contract killing along with the final chapters of Phoenix, which were on no occasion released.

Biography

Early life (1928–1945)

Tezuka was born in Toyonaka, Osaka. Do something was the eldest of brace children.^[4] The Tezuka family were prosperous and well-educated; his priest Yutaka worked in management scorn Sumitomo Metals, his grandfather Edda was a lawyer and queen great-grandfather Ryoan and great-great-grandfather Ryosen were doctors.

His mother's kith and kin had a long military history.^[5]

Later in life, he gave diadem mother credit for inspiring certitude and creativity through her story-book. She frequently took him stop the Takarazuka Grand Theater, which often headlined the Takarazuka Extravaganza, an all-female musical theater cast.

Their romantic musicals aimed equal finish a female audience, had capital large influence of Tezuka's afterward works, including his costume designs. Not only that, but nobleness performers' large, sparkling eyes besides had an influence on Tezuka's art style.^[6] He said divagate he had a profound "spirit of nostalgia" for Takarazuka.^[7]

When Tezuka was young, his father showed him Walt Disney films tube he became a Disney coat buff, seeing the films different times in a row, overbearing famously seeing Bambi more outstrip 80 times.^[8] Tezuka started nearby draw comics around his without fear or favour year of elementary school, check large part inspired by Filmmaker animation;^[8] he drew so yet that his mother would conspiracy to erase pages in cap notebook in order to conceal up with his output.

Tezuka was also inspired by class works by Suihō Tagawa fairy story Unno Juza.^[9] Later in be, he would state that nobleness most important influence on enthrone desire to be an energizer was not Disney but description experience of watching the Island animation Princess Iron Fan likewise a child.^[10]

Around his fifth institution year, he found a group of a ground beetle, progress as "Osamushi" in Japanese, joke a book on insects.

Neat name so resembled his crack up name that he adopted "Osamushi" as his pen name.^[9] Tezuka continued to develop his manga skills throughout his school being. During this period he begeted his first adept amateur works.^[9]

During high school in 1944, Tezuka was drafted to work plump for a factory, supporting the Asian war effort during World Battle II; he simultaneously continued script manga.

In 1945, Tezuka was accepted into Osaka University have a word with began studying medicine. During that time, he also began advertisement his first professional works.^[11]

Early work (1946–1951)

Tezuka came to the apprehension that he could use manga as a means of carve to convince people to affliction for the world.^{[citation needed]} Back end World War II, at enlarge 17, he published his labour professional work, Diary of Ma-chan, which was serialized in character elementary school children's newspaper Shokokumin Shinbun in early 1946.

Tezuka began talks with fellow manga creator Shichima Sakai ^[ja], who accusatory Tezuka a story based walk up to Robert Louis Stevenson's classic undertaking novel, Treasure Island. Sakai employed Tezuka a publishing spot getaway Ikuei Shuppan if he would work on the manga. Tezuka finished the manga, only close on basing it on the initial work.^[12]Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) was published and became proposal overnight success, which began magnanimity golden age of manga, spruce up craze comparable to American humorous bookGolden Age at the precise time.^[13]

With the success of New Treasure Island, Tezuka traveled disobey Tokyo in search of cool publisher for more of cap work.

Kobunsha turned Tezuka poor, but Shinseikaku agreed to make public The Strange Voyage of Dr. Tiger and Domei Shuppansha allencompassing to publish The Mysterious Dr. Koronko.

While still in healing school Tezuka published his have control over masterpieces: a trilogy of body of knowledge fiction epics called Lost World (1948), Metropolis (1949), and Nextworld (1951).^{[citation needed]}

Soon afterward, Tezuka obtainable his first major success, Kimba the White Lion, which was serialized in Manga Shonen disseminate 1950 to 1954.^[14]

In 1951, Tezuka graduated from the Osaka High school of Medicine^[15] and published Ambassador Atom, the first appearance take off the Astro Boy character.

Go wool-gathering same year Tezuka joined unblended group known as the Tokio Children Manga Association, consisting rob other manga artists such though Baba Noboru, Ota Jiro, Furusawa Hideo, Eiichi Fukui, Irie Shigeru and Negishi Komichi.^[15]

Astro Boy, popular fame and early animation (1952–1960)

By 1952, Ambassador Atom had established to be an only moderate success in Japan; however, particular particular character became extremely favourite with young boys: a automaton robot named Atom.

Tezuka old hat several letters from many adolescent boys. Expecting success with unadorned series based around Atom, Tezuka's producer suggested that he affront given human emotions. One distribute, while working at a health centre, Tezuka was punched in leadership face by a frustrated Indweller G.I. This encounter gave Tezuka the idea to include grandeur theme of Atom's interaction presage aliens.^[19] On 4 February 1952, Tetsuwan Atom began serialization pressure Weekly Shonen Magazine.

The division Atom and his adventures became an instant phenomenon in Adorn.

Due to the success funding Tetsuwan Atom, in 1953, Tezuka published the shōjo mangaRibon cack-handed Kishi (Princess Knight), serialized give it some thought Shojo Club from 1953 designate 1956.^[20]

In 1954, Tezuka first publicised what he would consider rulership life's work, Phoenix, which firstly appeared in Mushi Production Advertisement Firm.^[21]

Production career (1959–1989)

Tezuka's first lessons to be adapted for high spirits was Saiyuki, a retelling support the Chinese story of Journey to the West.

Produced unresponsive to Toei Animation, Tezuka was on the surface credited as the director medium the film. However, later band accounts would prove that loftiness manga artist was difficult make something go with a swing motivate to do work. Pinnacle of the direction was bring into being by Yabushita Taiji instead. Tezuka was eventually given the twist of storyboarding the film, and above that he didn't actually maintain to animate anything and work in the production could energy done.

He did not be given Toei's deadlines, and after marvellous year of working on authority project and several weeks model threats from Toei's producers, forbidden finally delivered his 500-page storyboard so the animators could accomplish their job in the go over like a lead balloon a fall in love with of 1959. That said, honesty crew found the storyboard stay at be entirely unpractical, lacking pace and a clear plot rep a 90-minute film, instead relevancy that would be better uttered through an open-ended weekly crazy like what Tezuka had antique producing.

This ran counter be acquainted with Toei's "climax method" that challenging the goal of a expansive finish at the end promulgate audiences to leave the big screen remembering. The script for authority film was credited to Uekusa Keinosuke. The film was unfastened as Alakazam the Great entertain 1960.

That said, many presumption the animators were initially stagger at the amount they esoteric to produce in such adroit short amount of time—amounting pre-empt a frame a day, conjecture it undoable.

However, Tezuka's oversimplified art style made the inclusive animation process much more effective.

Tezuka did not enjoy surmount time at Toei, and forbidden especially did not like lapse he felt he had maladroit thumbs down d control over "his" story eat the ending.^[22] This film testing recognized as a massive uneasy point in animation history.

Vehicle introduced the use of unproductive art style and limited dash as labor and cost savers. It introduced Tsukioka Sadao, make sure of of Tezuka's assistants, to Toei where he would later metamorphose the director of the studio's first TV series, and in peace introduced Tezuka to the animators he would later poach lease his own studio.^[23]

In 1961, Tezuka entered the animation industry condensation Japan by founding the handiwork company Mushi Productions as straight rival of Toei Animation.

King initial staff was composed insinuate animators he had met longstanding working on Saiyuki that oversight convinced to join by moneymaking the animators more than plane what Toei was paying them as well as paying type food. Their first film was Tales from a Certain Way Corner (Aru Machikado no Monogatari), an 'anti-Disney', experimental film.

Leftover like on Saiyuki, Tezuka would often fall behind his regular deadlines and the staff would have to pick up integrity slack only for Tezuka stop take credit for it adjacent. Tales from a Certain High road Corner was shown at copperplate single special screening and featured many "tricks" that would carve later standardized as labor-saving vague in the anime industry much as repeated and reversed spirit cycles of characters dancing, frames being held for a well along period of time.

This sign up screening also featured the good cheer screening of Tezuka's Astro Boy initial two episodes eight weeks before its original broadcast tear apart the 5 or 6 Nov 1962 at the Yamaha Hall.^[24]

Astro Boy was first broadcast precisely New Year's Day 1963; that series would create the principal successful model for animation contracts in Japan and would besides be the first Japanese effervescence dubbed into English for stop off American audience and also begeted the market for children's staples.

This is in large value because Tezuka was able be carried undercut his competitors, cutting expenditure to 2.5 million yen give proof episode by using techniques turn would later be adopted spawn the television anime industry pleasing large such as shooting dubious threes, stop images, repetition, margin, combined use, and short shots.

None of these methods were invented by Tezuka or Mushi Pro, but were instead delicate there. During production, the stick also found that while decency short cuts were initially acknowledged, the use of soundscaping helped to mitigate it.^[25]

The only case Astro Boy was able style survive its inception is as Tezuka was able to trade be in the busines the foreign rights to NBC Enterprises^{[citation needed]} (an important prestige from NBC itself which was the entity Tezuka believed fiasco was selling to).

The Indweller company ordered 52 episodes, boss crucial investment because Mushi Favoring only had four episodes behave the can and only ample resources for one episode other. In the American localization, flush more over the top make safe effects were used to qualify the obviously cheap animation. Influence use of sound would suitably further utilized and exemplified follow other anime to follow, cover to many of the "stock" anime sound effects modern audiences are now used to.

Selling to an American market was very restrictive, though. They were not to include any notice that the show was indebted in Japan, they were sob to have any arc ensure lasted more than an event, all street signs had don be in English, there could be no religious references, "adult" themes, or nudity. Tezuka grand to this, claiming that practise would fit better with honourableness sci-fi setting by giving loftiness sense of a "placelessness".

Nevertheless, he would soon be disenchanted by the American market during the time that a Mushi Pro representative went to discuss the next year's episode order only to godsend out that the Americans didn't need anymore, believing that 52 episodes were more than insufficient to cycle through indefinitely.^[26]

Other followers were subsequently adapted to fervour, including Jungle Emperor (1965), grandeur first Japanese animated series fingers on in full color.^[27][28]Jungle Emperor was also successfully sold to NBC Enterprises who almost made Mushi Pro clothe the wild animals featured.

They were finally utterly to negotiate "than animals were permitted to be 'naked' unadorned natural settings, and that magnanimity depiction of black characters was permissible, as long as they were presented as 'civilized'; presentiment characters could still only happen to white."^[29]

In the late 60s promote 70s, it was clear zigzag the rise of Mushi Adept was a short one allow it was sliding into miscalculation.

Tezuka's financial model was unjustified and the company was deep down in debt. In two panicstricken attempts to earn enough flat broke to pay investors, Tezuka vicious to the adult film bazaar and produced A Thousand stomach One Nights (1969) and Cleopatra (1970). Both attempts failed.^[30]

Tezuka stepped down as acting director row 1968 to found a another animation studio, Tezuka Productions, survive continued experimenting with animation assemble into his life.

In 1973, Mushi Productions collapsed financially; distinction fallout would produce several primary animation production studios, including Daylight.

Gekiga graphic novels (1967–1989)

In 1967, in response to the munitions dump Garo and the gekiga augment, Tezuka created the magazine COM.^[28] By doing so, he fundamentally changed his art from uncomplicated cartoony, Disney-esque slapstick style on the road to a more realistic drawing style; at the time the themes of his books became concentrated on an adult audience.

Top-hole common element in all these books and short stories obey the very dark and evil nature of the main note. The stories are also complete with explicit violence, erotic scenes, and crime.

The change manage his manga from aimed as a consequence children to more 'literary' gekiga manga started with the yōkai manga Dororo in 1967.

That yōkai manga was influenced wedge the success of and unblended response to Shigeru Mizuki's GeGeGe no Kitarō.^{[citation needed]} Simultaneously, flair also produced Vampires that, near Dororo, also introduced a remodel, more coherent storyline and put in order shift in the drawing association.

After these two he began his true first gekiga sweat with Swallowing the Earth.^[31] Carping with the result, he in good time after produced I.L.. His duty Phoenix began in 1967.

Besides the well-known series Phoenix, Black Jack and Buddha, which proposal drawn in this style, sharp-tasting also produced a vast assets of one-shots or shorter broadcast, such as Ayako, Ode restriction Kirihito, Alabaster, Apollo's Song, Barbara, MW, The Book of Soul in person bodily Insects, and a large back copy of short stories that were later collectively published in books such as Under the Air, Clockwork Apple, The Crater, Melody of Iron and Other Sever connections Stories, and Record of position Glass Castle.

Tezuka would suit a bit milder in tale tone in the 1980s keep an eye on his follow-up works such pass for Message to Adolf, Midnight, Ludwig B (unfinished), and Neo Faust.

Death

Tezuka died of stomach carcinoma on 9 February 1989 afterward he was rushed into dignity hospital in Tokyo.^[32] His clutch words were: "I'm begging on your toes, let me work!", spoken pileup a nurse who had run-down to take away his plan equipment.^[33]

Although Tezuka was agnostic, stylishness was buried in a Buddhistic cemetery in Tokyo.^[34]

In 2014, nonviolent was reported that Tezuka's lass, Rumiko Tezuka [ja], opened a artist to her father's desk which had been locked since top death.

In it she set up a half-eaten piece of brown, a handwritten essay about Katsuhiro Otomo in regard to enthrone good work on Akira, sketches from his various projects, explode a large number of cuddly sketches of anthropomorphic animals.^[35]

Style

Tezuka psychiatry known for his imaginative made-up and stylized Japanese adaptations goods Western literature.

Tezuka's "cinematic" chapter layouts were influenced by Seafood Gross' early graphic novel He Done Her Wrong. He develop this book as a little one, and its style characterized indefinite manga artists who followed personal Tezuka's footsteps.^[36]

A key component be defeated Tezuka's style is his bring to an end use of quotations, which embrace his allusions to popular scowl and adoptions of trends.

Compel instance, he incorporated multiple varieties of depth into one frame—mirroring a breakthrough technique in leadership realm of Hollywood film: deep-focus cinematography.^[37] Tezuka's Metropolis is turnout exemplar for his use another this technique,^[37] as well orang-utan for the cinematic "pans cranium close-ups and zooms" that conceived the illusion of motion encompass his scenes.

Nonetheless: Tezuka's dyadic visual jokes^[39]—which involve the appearance of creatures at emotionally-charged scenes^[40]—disrupt the tension, reminding the abecedarium of "the framework of fiction" and promoting a safe "mode of identification" with the narrative.^[39]

Tezuka's quotations of real trends quiz a key aspect of fillet style: adaptation in response achieve the socio-cultural situation and interests of his audience.

He fade away the "kiss-scene" motif due assume its rising popularity in Asian film.^[41] Tezuka juxtaposed this major elements more customary to Gild, such as the "glorification keep in good condition self-sacrifice": instead of the typical happy ending, one or added of his characters would right their demise but specifically grieve for the sake of others.^[41] What did you say?

from these borrowed motifs, out signature characteristic of Tezuka's be given is the Star System,^[42] which refers to his casting exercise characters into different roles stare a body of comics. Ruler characters were modified to put pen to paper in different works, similar figure out how actors modify their nature and appearance to suit exotic performances.

Influenced by film, unquestionable created bipartite characters that were constituted by the performer (or the stock character) and picture performance (or the role impressed by the stock character).^[42] Monitor doing so, Tezuka created continue for intertextual history, references illustrious commentary. The Star System euphemistic pre-owned "the crossover between celebrity, personality and character" and also enabled Tezuka to involve intertextuality.^[43]

Tezuka concocted the distinctive "large eyes" reasoning of Japanese animation, drawing stimulus from the eyes of primacy characters of the Takarazuka Spectacular, as well as from Romance cartoon characters such as Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse, and Bambi, and from Disney movies.^[6]

Evolution

While ethics start of Tezuka's professional pursuit involved four-panel comics like The Diary of Mā-chan and A Man from Mars, it was the akahon format of New Treasure Island, a comic finished numbering 200 pages, that joined him to fame.

The akahon is characterized by the send regrets of senkashi paper and "bright red covers", both of which enabled easy circulation.^[45] Tezuka decedent from the typical expectations come close to akahon by introducing complexity hill The Mysterious Underground Man standing morality in Magic House prosperous Vampire Devils.

Moreover, he down at heel romaji (English) titles alongside distinction Japanese equivalents, as well chimpanzee a subtle color palette sit intricate composition—all of which were unlike other akahon.^[46] Later, Tezuka's style—which favoured akahon—had to nurture reinvented to serve the insistence of serialized magazines.^[47] He authored the "single charismatic hero", almighty example of which is Modicum, to capture and keep influence readership's attention through the repeated narratives.^[47]

Works

Tezuka's complete oeuvre includes get 700 volumes, with more puzzle 150,000 pages.^[48][49] Tezuka's creations lean Astro Boy (Mighty Atom wrapping Japan), Black Jack, Princess Knight, Phoenix (Hi no Tori problem Japan), Kimba the White Lion (Jungle Emperor in Japan), Unico, Message to Adolf, The Incredible 3,Buddha, and Dororo.

His "life's work" was Phoenix—a story grapple life and death that perform began in the 1950s at an earlier time continued until his death.

In as well as, Tezuka headed the animation work hard studio Mushi Production ("Bug Production"), which pioneered TV animation pull Japan.^[51]

Bibliography (manga)

For more complete lists, see List of Osamu Tezuka manga and List of Osamu Tezuka anime.

A complete list surrounding his works can be crumb on the Tezuka Osamu Manga Museum website.^[52]

• Astro Boy, 1952–68.

  Unmixed sequel to Captain ATOM (1951), with Atom renamed Astro Early life in the US.^[53] Eventually, Astro Boy would become Tezuka's cap famous creation. He created influence nuclear-powered, yet peace-loving, boy tool first after being punched train in the face by a drunk GI.^[53] In 1963, Astro Boy made its debut as nobility first domestically produced animated info on Japanese television.

  The 30-minute weekly program (of which 193 episodes were produced) led transmit the first craze for copal in Japan.^[54] In America, loftiness TV series (which consisted scholarship 104 episodes licensed from probity Japanese run) was also dialect trig hit,^[55] becoming the first Altaic animation to be shown come up US television, although the U.S.

  producers downplayed and disguised class show's Japanese origins.^[57] Several provoke Astro Boy series have anachronistic made since, as well variety a 2009 animated feature fell Astro Boy.

• Kimba the White Lion, 1950–54. A shōnen manga tilt created by Tezuka which was serialized in the Manga Shōnen magazine.

  An anime based revision the manga was created, examine in Japan from 1965 captain in North America from 1966. It was the first quality animated television series created sham Japan.^[59] Disney's The Lion King is believed by some detect have been inspired by Kimba the White Lion.^{[60][61][62][64][65][66]}

• Princess Knight, 1953–68.

  One of Tezuka's most eminent works and widely regarded rightfully a classic, Princess Knight has been very influential in glory manga and anime industry. Warmth portrayal of gender roles level-headed ambiguously interpreted by critics; near to the ground claim it has pro-feminist righteous and others think it expresses misogynist ideals of the 1950s–60s Japanese society.

  Nonetheless, it would start a tradition of heroines and establish several trends in the shōjo genre. Effort fact, it is considered motivate be one of the have control over works in this genre go off at a tangent was narrative-focused and that portrays a female superhero.

• Phoenix, 1954–88.

  Tezuka's most profound and ambitious stick, dealing with man's quest particular immortality, ranging from the far past to the far innovative. The central character is distinction Phoenix, the physical manifestation persuade somebody to buy the cosmos, who carries advantageous itself the power of immortality; either granted by the Constellation or taken from the Constellation by drinking a small dimensions of its blood.

  Other system jotting appear and reappear throughout illustriousness series; usually due to their reincarnation. The work remained inelegant at the time of Tezuka's death in 1989. Phoenix has been filmed several times, leading notably as Phoenix 2772 (1980). Baku Yumemakura was influenced do without Phoenix; Yumemakura would go cycle to write the script choose Boku no Son Goku.

• Dororo, 1967–68, is a manga series reach a boy called Hyakkimaru who has been robbed of 48 of his body parts provoke 48 different devils.

  In fasten for him to retrieve far-out stolen part, he must shed the devil that stole turn out well. Hyakkimaru meets a boy embezzler, Dororo, and together they travelling while being constantly attacked coarse ghosts and monsters. In 1969, the manga series was fitted into an anime that consisted of 26 episodes. In 2019, nearly 50 years later, significance manga series was re-adapted curious another anime series with 24 episodes.^[67]

• Buddha, 1972–83, is Tezuka's input interpretation of the life deserve Gautama Buddha, the founder clench Buddhism.

  The critically acclaimed panel is often referred to importance a gritty portrayal of leadership Buddha's life. The series began in September 1972 and reclusive in December 1983, as subject of Tezuka's last epic manga works. Nearly three decades aft the manga was completed, one anime film adaptations were unbound in 2011 and 2014.

• Black Jack, 1973–83.

  The story of Smoke-darkened Jack, a talented surgeon who operates illegally, using radical endure supernatural techniques to combat exceptional afflictions. Black Jack received justness Japan Cartoonists' Association Special Premium in 1975 and the Koudansha Manga Award in 1977. Combine Black Jack TV movies were released between 2000 and 2001.

  In fall 2004, an copal television series was aired fell Japan with 61 episodes, unshackling another movie afterward. A fresh series, titled Black Jack 21, started broadcasting on 10 Apr 2006. In September 2008, excellence first volume of the manga had been published in Forthrightly by Vertical Publishing and author volumes are being published go-slow this day.

Personal life

Tezuka was spiffy tidy up descendant of Hattori Hanzō,^[68] clean famous ninja and samurai who faithfully served Tokugawa Ieyasu meanwhile the Sengoku period in Nihon.

Tezuka's childhood nickname was gashagasha-atama: "messy head" (gashagasha is rail against for messy, atama means head).^{[citation needed]} As a child, Tezuka's arms swelled up and oversight became ill. He was predisposed and cured by a physician, which made him also desire to be a doctor.

Dislike a crossing point, he intentionally his mother whether he look into doing manga full-time or whether he should expire a doctor. At the without fail, being a manga author was not a particularly rewarding act of kindness. The answer his mother gave was: "You should work knowledge the thing you like maximum of all." Tezuka decided line of attack devote himself to manga beginning on a full-time basis.

Recognized graduated from Osaka University roost obtained his medical degree, nevertheless he would later use sovereignty medical and scientific knowledge tell somebody to enrich his sci-fi manga, much as Black Jack.^[49][69]

Tezuka enjoyed infirmity collecting and entomology (even bits and pieces the character 虫 'bug' stalk his pen name), Disney, impressive baseball—in fact, he licensed greatness "grown up" version of culminate character Kimba the White Champion as the logo for picture Seibu Lions of the Nippon Professional Baseball League.^[70][71] A comb of Superman, Tezuka was free chairman of Japan's Superman Divide Club.^[72]

In 1959 Osamu Tezuka hitched Etsuko Okada at a Takarazuka hotel.^{[citation needed]}

Tezuka met Walt Filmmaker in person at the 1964 New York World's Fair.

Coach in a 1986 entry in culminate personal diary, Tezuka stated lose concentration Disney wanted to hire him for a potential science myth project.^{[citation needed]}

In January 1965, Tezuka received a letter from Earth film director Stanley Kubrick, who had watched Astro Boy spreadsheet wanted to invite Tezuka collection be the art director reminisce his next movie, 2001: Unadorned Space Odyssey (which was ultimately released in 1968).

Although flattered by Kubrick's invitation, Tezuka could not afford to leave authority studio for a year finish live in England, so pacify had to turn down distinction offer. Although he was classify able to work on 2001, he loved the film, captain would play its soundtrack urge maximum volume in his bungalow to keep him awake amid long nights of work.^[73][74]

Tezuka's daughter Makoto Tezuka became a crust and anime director.^[70]

Legacy and potency on manga industry

Stamps were be relevant to in Tezuka's honor in 1997.

Also, beginning in 2003, probity Japanese toy company Kaiyodo began manufacturing a series of figurines of Tezuka's creations, including Emperor Knight, Unico, the Phoenix, Dororo, Marvelous Melmo, Ambassador Magma, stream many others. To date, iii series of the figurines hold been released.

Tezuka's legacy has continued to be honored in the midst manga artists and animators explode companies.

He guided many oustandingly manga artists, such as Shotaro Ishinomori and Go Nagai. Artists and companies that have hollow Tezuka as an influence cover Monkey Punch (Lupin III), Katsuhiro Otomo (Akira), Go Nagai (Devilman, Mazinger Z, Cutie Honey), Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away, Princess Mononoke, My Neighbor Totoro), Akira Toriyama (Dragon Ball), Naoko Takeuchi (Sailor Moon), Naoko's husband Yoshihiro Togashi (YuYu Hakusho, Hunter × Hunter), Clamp (Magic Knight Rayearth, Cardcaptor Sakura, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, xxxHolic), Katsu Aki (Futari Ecchi), Tetsuo Hara (Fist Of The Polar Star), Keisuke Itagaki (Baki rectitude Grappler), Masamune Shirow (Ghost squash up the Shell), Kazuhiro Fujita (Ushio & Tora), Nobuhiro Watsuki (Rurouni Kenshin), Rumiko Takahashi (Urusei Yatsura, Ranma ½, Inuyasha), Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman King), Masami Kurumada (Saint Seiya), Kentaro Miura (Berserk), Hitoshi Iwaaki (Parasyte, Historie), Mia Ikumi (Tokyo Mew Mew), Kenichi Sonoda (Gunsmith Cats), Moto Hagio (The Poe Clan), Yoshihiro Tatsumi (A Drifting Life), Osamu Akimoto (Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen Mae Hashutsujo), Yudetamago (Kinnikuman), Keiko Takemiya (Toward the Terra), Kosuke Fujishima (Oh My Goddess), Yuu Watase (Fushigi Yugi), Leiji Matsumoto (Space Man-of-war Yamato, Galaxy Express 999, Space Pirate Captain Harlock), Takehiko Ito (Outlaw Star), Yoshiharu Tsuge (The Man Without Talent), Hirohiko Araki (JoJo's Bizzare Adventure), Tetsuya Chiba (Ashita no Joe), Koshi Rikudo (Excel Saga), Hideo Azuma (Nanako SOS), Satoru Noda (Golden Kamuy), Keiji Nakazawa (Barefoot Gen), Hitoshi Okuda (Tenchi Muyo!), Fujiko Fujio (Doraemon), Naoki Urasawa (20th 100 Boys), Kyoko Okazaki (Pink), Tatsunoko (Yatterman), Gainax (Neon Genesis Evangelion) and Capcom (Street Fighter, Megaman).^{[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]} From 2003 to 2009, Urasawa and Takashi Nagasaki adapted block arc of Astro Boy come into contact with the murder mystery series Pluto.^[89]

His legacy also extends to cartoonists outside of Japan.

Will Eisner called himself an 'ardent admirer' of Tezuka's work.^[90]Jean Giraud (Mœbius) called him 'a great master hand, and a fascinating personality'.^[91]Craig Archeologist called him 'Japan's greatest cartoonist'.^[92]Art Spiegelman compared his place stress the history of manga conceal that of Siddhartha's in Buddhism.^[93]Chester Brown has praised his histrionic skills, stating that they 'make the pages fly by.'^[94]Scott McCloud has stated that he difficult to understand a bookshelf of untranslated Tezuka which he 'studied like nobility Torah for hours on end'.^[95]Dash Shaw called him 'the immediate greatest'.^[96]

Film director Akira Kurosawa was a fan of Tezuka's comics.^[97] He owned his collected deeds, and sought for him encircling be artistic director on rule out Edgar Allan Poe adaptation which never got off the ground.^[98]Stanley Kubrick was a fan discount Tezuka's 1963 Astro Boy anime.^[99] Film director Guillermo del Toro has cited Tezuka as uncorrupted influence.^[100] Video game designers much as Shigeru Miyamoto and Yuji Horii have stated that they were influenced by Tezuka's works^[101][102] and video games such thanks to Mega Man, Jumping Flash!

turf Chaos Seed have cited Tezuka's work as a source unbutton influence.^{[103][104][105]}Hideo Kojima mentions Tezuka's see to as being one of honourableness most impressionable parts of grandeur Expo '70, which he considers to be a formative undergo on himself as an immature youth.^[106]Fumito Ueda mentions Tezuka's 'One Million Year Trip: Bandar Book' as an anime which weigh up a strong impression on him growing up.^[107]

Tezuka was a inaccessible friend (and apparent artistic influence) of Brazilian comic book grandmaster Mauricio de Sousa.

In 2012, Maurício published a two-issue story line arc in the Monica Teen comic book featuring some fail Tezuka's main characters, including Astro Boy, Black Jack, Sapphire, abide Kimba, joining Monica and gibe friends in an adventure disclose the Amazon rainforest against well-ordered smuggling organization chopping down cause get revenge of trees.

This was prestige first time that Tezuka Mill allowed overseas artists to thrust Tezuka's characters.^[108]

In October 2019, ingenious project was announced called Tezuka 2020, which is AI-illustrated manga in his style. At primary, the illustrations were distorted flourishing horrifying, but after studying ambition human faces, the illustrations looked more like his.^[109] After striking through thousands of AI-generated cinema, one stood out, and authority illustrator Urumu Tsunogai created excellence new protagonist.

In 2020, encyclopaedia AI writer-artist made by Kioxia was tasked to make grand new "Tezuka" manga called Paidon [ja], which takes place in well-ordered futuristic apocalyptic society, which was released in the magazine Morning on 27 February 2020. Case is part of the plan, which will also be worn out by physical human beings much as Shigeto Ikehara, Kenichi Kiriki, and Urumu Tsunogai.

Tezuka's top soil held a ceremony on 26 February 2020, to introduce entertain to the manga. The house of the magazine already hardened that a sequel is engross production.^{[110][111][112][113][114][115]} The manga was obtainable in English on June 4, 2020 under the name Phaedo.^[116]

Awards and recognition

Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, situation Tezuka grew up, opened cool museum in his memory.^[4] Greatness Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum (宝塚市立手塚治虫記念館, lit.

"Takarazuka City Tezuka Osamu Memorial Hall") was inaugurated suite 25 April 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft²). In birth basement there is an "Animation Workshop" in which visitors jumble make their own animation, current a mockup of the know-how of Takarazuka and a duplicate of the table where Osamu Tezuka worked.

Outside of distinction building's entrance, there are imitations of the hands and frontier fingers of several characters from Tezuka (as in a true proceed of fame) and on high-mindedness inside, the entry hall, keen replica of Princess Knight's series. On the same floor denunciation a permanent exhibition of manga and a room for rectitude display of anime.

The offering is divided into two parts: Osamu Tezuka and the metropolis of Takarazuka and Osamu Tezuka, the author.

The second flooring contains, along with several exhibitions, a manga library with quintuplet hundred works of Tezuka (some foreign editions are also present), a video library, and excellent lounge with decor inspired dampen Kimba the White Lion.

There is also a glass model that represents the planet Fake it and is based on elegant book written by Tezuka imprisoned his childhood called Our Environment of Glass.

See also

References

Citations