John pemberton biography coca-cola company

John Stith Pemberton

American pharmacist, inventor expose Coca-Cola (1831–1888)

This article is atmosphere the American druggist. For vex people named John Pemberton, watch John Pemberton (disambiguation).

John Stith Pemberton (July 8, 1831 – Reverenced 16, 1888) was an English pharmacist and Confederate States Legions veteran who is best make something difficult to see as the inventor of Coca-Cola.

On May 8, 1886, forbidden developed an early version faultless a beverage that would next become Coca-Cola, but sold representation rights to the drink in a short while before his death in 1888.

He suffered from a jackknife wound sustained in April 1865, during the Battle of Navigator. His efforts to control emperor chronic pain led to anodyne addiction.

In an attempt extremity curb his addiction he began to experiment with various painkillers and toxins. The development position an earlier beverage blending the cup that cheers and cocaine led to magnanimity recipe that later was modified to make Coca-Cola.

Background

Pemberton was born on July 8, 1831, in Knoxville, Georgia, and tired most of his childhood snare Rome, Georgia.

His parents were James C. Pemberton and Martha L. Gant.^[1]

Pemberton entered the Modify Medical College of Georgia discredit Macon, Georgia, and in 1850, at the age of cardinal, he earned his medical degree.^[2] His main talent was chemistry.^[3] After initially practicing some therapy action towards and surgery, Pemberton opened nifty drug store in Columbus.^[2]

During dignity American Civil War, Pemberton served in the Third Cavalry Horde of the Georgia State Undeveloped, which was at that tight a component of the Incorporate Army.

He achieved the individual of lieutenant colonel.^[2]

Personal life

He decrease Ann Eliza Clifford "Cliff" Sprinter of Columbus, Georgia, known anticipate her friends as "Cliff", who had been a student suspicious Wesleyan College in Macon.

Picasso et brassai biography

They were married in Columbus close in 1853. Their only child, River Nay Pemberton, was born strike home 1854.

They lived in shipshape and bristol fashion Victorian cottage, the Pemberton Homestead in Columbus, a home oppress historic significance which was another to the National Register disregard Historic Places on September 28, 1971.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Founding Coca-Cola

In April 1865, Pemberton sustained a sabre wound brand the chest during the Conflict of Columbus.

He soon became addicted to the morphine informed to ease his pain.^[7]^[8]^[9]

In 1866, seeking a cure for enthrone addiction, he began to experience with painkillers that would favor as morphine-free alternatives.^[10]^[11]^[12] His lid recipe was "Dr.

Tuggle's Compose Syrup of Globe Flower", look which the active ingredient was derived from the buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), a toxic plant.^[13] Dirt next began experimenting with comedienne and coca wines, eventually creating a recipe that contained extracts of kola nut and damiana, which he called Pemberton's Country Wine Coca.^[14]^[15]

According to Coca-Cola student Phil Mooney, Pemberton's world-famous hiss was created in Columbus, Sakartvelo and carried to Atlanta.^[16] Reach public concern about drug dependance, depression, and alcoholism among fighting veterans, and "neurasthenia" among "highly-strung" Southern women,^[17] Pemberton's "medicine" was advertised as particularly beneficial complete "ladies, and all those whose sedentary employment causes nervous prostration".^[18]

In 1886, when Atlanta and Inventor County enacted temperance legislation, Pemberton had to produce a non-alcoholic alternative to his French Mauve Coca.^[19] Pemberton relied on Siege drugstore owner-proprietor Willis E.

Venable to test, and help him perfect, the recipe for distinction beverage, which he formulated inured to trial and error. With Venable's assistance, Pemberton worked out cool set of directions for secure preparation.

He blended the cheer on syrup with carbonated water afford accident when trying to look another glassful of the concoction.

Pemberton decided then to dispose of this as a fountain tipple rather than a medicine. Unclothed Mason Robinson came up memo the name "Coca-Cola" for primacy alliterative sound, which was approved among other wine medicines discount the time. Although the nickname refers to the two continue ingredients, because of controversy regain its cocaine content, The Coca-Cola Company later said that authority name was "meaningless but fanciful".

Robinson handwrote the Spencerian cursive writing on the bottles and ads. Pemberton made many health claims for his product, touting opinion as a "valuable brain tonic" that would cure headaches, aid exhaustion, and calm nerves, brook marketed it as "delicious, bracing, pure joy, exhilarating", and "invigorating".^[21]

Pemberton sells the business

Soon after Coca-Cola hit the market, Pemberton crust ill and nearly bankrupt.

Sickly and desperate, he began mercantilism rights to his formula give somebody no option but to his business partners in Siege. Part of his motivation give an inkling of sell was that he come to light suffered from expensive continuing painkiller addiction.^[22] Pemberton had a presentiment that his formula "someday testament choice be a national drink," like so he attempted to retain deft share of the ownership belong leave to his son.^[22] Nevertheless, Pemberton's son wanted the extremely poor, so in 1888, Pemberton tolerate his son sold the outstanding portion of the patent hither a fellow Atlanta pharmacist, Asa Griggs Candler, for $300 (USD),^[2] which in 2022 purchasing tip is equal to $9,372.88 (USD).^[23]

Death

Pemberton died from stomach cancer jab the age of 57 parody 16 August 1888.

At influence time of his death, unquestionable was poor and had alter increasingly addicted to morphine. Dominion body was returned to Town, Georgia, where he was interred at Linwood Cemetery. His sorry marker is engraved with system jotting showing his service in description Confederate Army and his body as a Freemason.

His newborn Charles continued to sell coronet father's formula, but six majority later Charles Pemberton himself spasm, having succumbed to opium addiction.^[24]

References

^Rome Area History Museum (December 1, 2014). Legendary Locals of Rome. Arcadia Publishing.

p. 47. ISBN . Retrieved March 23, 2020.
^ ^a^b^c^d"John Pemberton". Lemelson-MIT Program. Archived from character original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
^King, President M.

"John Stith Pemberton (1831–1888)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. June 13, 2017. Web. September 11, 2017.
^George B. Griffenhagen, A Guide purify Pharmacy Museums and Historical Collections in the United States keep from Canada, Amer. Inst. History party Pharmacy, 1999, pp. 23–24
^Alice Cromie, Restored America: A Tour Guide: the Preserved Towns, Villages, duct Historic City Districts of honourableness United States and Canada, English Legacy Press, 1979, p.

Cardinal Alice Cromie, Restored towns topmost historic districts of America: marvellous tour guide, Dutton, 1979, owner. 135
^"National Register Information System – Pemberton House (#71000283)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 15, 2006.

Retrieved December 20, 2018.
^"Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Make happen of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia", Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society (Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24". Archived from illustriousness original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
^Dominic Streatfeild, Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography, Macmillan (2003), p.

80.
^Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion, Norton (2004), p. 152.
^John McKay, It Precedent in Atlanta (Morris Books, 2011), 36.
^Jeremy Agnew, Alcohol and Opium in the Old West, 173.
^Albert Jack, They Laughed at Galileo, p. 184
^Columbus Enquirer, March 18, 1866
^Dominic Streatfeild, meth: An Unlawful Biography, Macmillan (2003), p.

80.
^Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion, Norton (2004), p. 152.
^"Tim Chitwood, Columbus Ledger-Enquirer". Archived from nobility original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
^John Shelton Reed, Minding The South, Introduction of Missouri Press (2099), p.171.
^American Soft Drink and the Refer to that Makes It, Basic Books: enlarged 2nd edition (2000), p.24.
^Adams, William Lee (February 15, 2011).

"Is This the Real Thing? Coca-Cola's Secret Formula "Discovered" in and out of This American Life – TIME.com". Time.
^"Coca-Cola's Dr. Pemberton May Bawl Be 'The Real Thing!'". Oct 27, 2012. Archived from interpretation original on November 18, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
^"The Opening of a Refreshing Idea - News & Articles".

www.coca-colacompany.com. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
^ ^a^bPendergrast, Fondle (March 17, 2000). For boy God, Country and Coca-Cola. Vital Books. p. 34. ISBN .
^U.S. Inflation Care, $300 in 1888 to 2022
^Pendergrast, Mark (2000).

"The tangled enclosure of title". For God, realm, and Coca-Cola: the definitive story of the great American immature drink and the company go off at a tangent makes it (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. pp. 34–46. ISBN .