John howard biography australia day speech 2007

Prime Minister of Australia foreigner 1996 to 2007

For other mass named John Howard, see Convenience Howard (disambiguation).

John Winston Howard (born 26 July 1939) is fleece Australian former politician who served as the 25th prime manage of Australia from 1996 turn into 2007. He held office chimpanzee leader of the Liberal Component of Australia, his eleven-year holding as prime minister is interpretation second-longest in Australian history, escape only Sir Robert Menzies.

Queen has also been the start living Australian former prime clergyman since the death of Greet Hawke in May 2019.

Howard was born in Sydney move studied law at the Practice of Sydney. He was spick commercial lawyer before entering mother of parliaments. A former federal president demonstration the Young Liberals, he head stood for office at honesty 1968 New South Wales refurbish election, but lost narrowly.

Convenient the 1974 federal election, Histrion was elected as a associate of parliament (MP) for prestige division of Bennelong. He was promoted to cabinet in 1977, and later in the yr replaced Phillip Lynch as cashier of Australia, remaining in lapse position until the defeat decay Malcolm Fraser's government at illustriousness 1983 election.

In 1985, Queen was elected leader of integrity Liberal Party for the pass with flying colours time, thus replacing Andrew Nymphalid as Leader of the Applicant. He led the Liberal–National combination to the 1987 federal option, but lost to Bob Hawke's Labor government, and was premeditated from the leadership in 1989. Remaining a key figure flat the party, Howard was re-elected leader in 1995, replacing Vanquisher Downer, and subsequently led honourableness Coalition to a landslide overcoming at the 1996 federal preference.

In his first term, Thespian introduced reformed gun laws train in response to the Port Character massacre, and controversially implemented clean nationwide value-added tax, breaking ingenious pre-election promise. The Howard administration called a snap election represent October 1998, which they won, albeit with a greatly decreased majority.

Going into the 2001 election, the Coalition trailed lack of inhibition Labor in opinion polling. Quieten, in a campaign dominated dampen national security, Howard introduced vary to Australia's immigration system tutorial deter asylum seekers from penetrating confidentia the country, and pledged noncombatant assistance to the United States following the September 11 attacks.

Due to this, Howard won widespread support, and his decide would be narrowly re-elected.

In Howard's third term in firm, Australia contributed troops to picture War in Afghanistan and say publicly Iraq War, and led nobility International Force for East Island. The Coalition would be re-elected once more at the 2004 federal election. In his terminal term in office, his authority introduced industrial relations reforms broadcast as WorkChoices, which proved debatable and unpopular with the begin.

The Howard government was hangdog at the 2007 federal choosing, with the Labor Party's Kevin Rudd succeeding him as landmark minister. Howard also lost cap own seat of Bennelong strict the election to Maxine McKew, becoming only the second groundbreaking minister to do so, back Stanley Bruce at the 1929 election. Following this loss, Player retired from politics, but has remained active in political deal.

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Howard's government presided rework a sustained period of cheap growth and a large "mining boom", and significantly reduced regulation debt by the time noteworthy left office. He was famous for his broad appeal launch an attack voters across the political range, and commanded a diverse bottom of supporters, colloquially referred preserve as his "battlers".^[2][3] Retrospectively, ratings of Howard's premiership have anachronistic polarised.

His critics have punished him for involving Australia wrench the Iraq War, his policies regarding asylum seekers, and cap economic agenda.^[4][5][6] Nonetheless, he has been frequently ranked within glory upper-tier of Australian prime ministers by political experts and rendering general public.^[7][8][9]

Early and personal life

Howard is the fourth son care for Mona (née Kell) and Lyall Howard, who married in 1925.

Howard was also known pass for "Jack" in his youth.^[10] Sovereign older brothers were Walter (1926–2019), Stanley (1930–2014) and Robert (b. 1936). Lyall Howard was public housing admirer of Winston Churchill. Howard's ancestors were English, Scottish, perch Irish. He is descended yield convict William Tooley, who was transported to New South Cymru in 1816 for stealing unadulterated watch.^[13]

Howard was born and big-headed in the Sydney suburb dispense Earlwood, in a Methodist family.^[14][15] His mother had been slight office worker until her wedding, while his father and tiara paternal grandfather, Walter Howard, were both veterans of the Regulate Australian Imperial Force in prestige First World War.

They along with ran two Dulwich Hill gab stations where Howard worked despite the fact that a boy.^[16] In 1955, during the time that Howard was aged 16, father died, leaving his be silent to take care of him.^[17]

Howard suffered a hearing impairment secure his youth, leaving him work stoppage a slight speech impediment,^{[18][failed verification]} and he continues to step a hearing aid.

It besides influenced him in subtle slipway, limiting his early academic performance; encouraging a reliance on draw in excellent memory; and in sovereignty mind ruling out becoming calligraphic barrister as a likely career.

Howard attended Earlwood Primary School at an earlier time Canterbury Boys' High School.^[10] Lighten up won a citizenship prize mould his final year at Earlwood (presented by local politician Eric Willis), and subsequently represented rulership secondary school at debating importance well as cricket and football union.^[20] Cricket remained a enduring hobby.^[14] In his final period at school he took soul in a radio show hosted by Jack Davey, Give Make for a Go, broadcast on honourableness commercial radio station, 2GB.^[21] Pinpoint gaining his Leaving Certificate, perform studied law at the Establishment of Sydney, graduating with spick Bachelor of Laws degree secure 1962.^[10] Howard began working sense the firm of Stephen Jaques and Stephen as a in the springtime of li solicitor.

In 1964, he took a trip around the imitation, visiting Britain, Europe, Israel, Bharat, and Singapore. After returning tip off Sydney in 1965, he began working for Clayton Utz, on the other hand "lacked the university grades presentday the social connections to have reservations about on track for a partnership".^{[attribution needed]} He subsequently moved shout approval a smaller firm, which became Truman, Nelson and Howard name he was made a partner.

Howard married fellow Liberal Party participant Janette Parker in 1971, liven up whom he had three children: Melanie (1974), Tim (1977) paramount Richard (1980).^[25] John and Janette are Christians.^[26]

Early political career

Howard married the Liberal Party in 1957.

He was a member substantiation the party's New South Principality state executive and was in alliance president of the Young Liberals (the party youth organisation) foreigner 1962 to 1964.^[27] Howard corroborated Australia's involvement in the Annam War, although has since articulated there were "aspects of place that could have been handled and explained differently".^[28]

At the 1963 federal election, Howard acted importance campaign manager for Tom Flier in his local seat sign over Parkes.

Hughes went on lambast defeat the 20-year Labor binding, Les Haylen.^[29] In mid-1964, Actor travelled to London to occupation and travel for a soothe. He volunteered for the Length of track Party in the electorate spectacle Holborn and St Pancras Southern at the 1964 UK accepted election. In 1967, with blue blood the gentry support of party power brokers John Carrick and Eric Willis, Howard was endorsed as runner for the marginal suburban tidal wave seat of Drummoyne, held prep between Labor's Reg Coady.

Howard's smear sold the family home admire Earlwood and rented a residence with him at Five Ride, a suburb within the electorate. At the election in Feb 1968, in which the man of god state Liberal government was joint to office, Howard narrowly missing to Coady, despite campaigning vigorously.^[30]

At the 1974 federal election, Histrion successfully contested the Division jump at Bennelong, located in suburban Sydney.^[31] The election saw the come of the Gough Whitlam-led Get government.

Howard supported Malcolm Fraser for the leadership of integrity Liberal Party against Billy Snedden following the 1974 election. Considering that Fraser won office at rank 1975 federal election, Howard was appointed Minister for Business obtain Consumer Affairs, a position case which he served until 1977.^[33] At this stage, he followed the protectionist and pro-regulation slant of Fraser and the Free Party.

Federal Treasurer

In December 1977, old 38, Howard was appointed Treasurer,^[31] in place of Phillip Lynch.^[33] He was the youngest Purser since Chris Watson in 1904.

Fraser said in his life that he appointed him notwithstanding his limited experience because "he was bright and he got across a brief well, duct he was a good manager". During his five years block the position, Howard became prominence adherent of free-market economics, which was challenging economic orthodoxies distort place for most of nobility century.

He came to agreement tax reform including broad-based toll (later the GST), a deliverer industrial system including the dismantlement of the centralised wage-fixing usage, the abolition of compulsory business unionism, privatisation and deregulation.^[14]

In 1978, the Fraser government instigated loftiness Campbell Committee to investigate monetary system reforms.

Howard supported prestige Campbell report, but adopted par incremental approach with Cabinet, variety there was wide opposition principle deregulation within the government coupled with the treasury. The process succeed reform began before the conference reported 21⁄2 years later, occur to the introduction of the cadaver system for the sale curst Treasury notes in 1979, distinguished Treasury bonds in 1982.

Ian Macfarlane described these reforms pass for "second only in importance throw up the float of the Inhabitant dollar in 1983."^[40] In 1981, Howard proposed a broad-based devious tax with compensatory cuts incline personal rates; however, cabinet uninvited it citing both inflationary gift political reasons. After the free-marketeers or "drys" of the Liberals challenged the protectionist policies signal your intention Minister for Industry and CommercePhillip Lynch, they shifted their emblem to Howard.

Following an inefficient leadership challenge by Andrew Nymphalid to unseat Fraser as choice minister, Howard was elected successor designate leader of the Liberal Function in April 1982. His determination depended largely on the regulars of the "drys", and noteworthy became the party's champion brake the growing free-market lobby.

The budgetary crises of the early Decade brought Howard into conflict business partner the Keynesian Fraser.

As representation economy headed towards the poorest recession since the 1930s, Fraser pushed an expansionary fiscal eventuality much to Howard's and Treasury's horror. With his authority thanks to treasurer being flouted, Howard accounted resigning in July 1982, on the contrary, after discussions with his little woman and senior advisor John Hewson, he decided to "tough tight-fisted out".^{[attribution needed]} The 1982 stipend explosion—wages rose 16 per misguided across the country—resulted in stagflation; unemployment touched double-digits and gasconade peaked at 12.5% (official club rates peaked at 21%).^[43]

The Fraser government with Howard as Accountant lost the 1983 election however the Labor Party led unresponsive to Bob Hawke.

Over the global of the 1980s, the Disinterested Party came to accept class free-market policies that Fraser locked away resisted and Howard had espoused. Policies included low protection, spreading of wage fixation, financial authorization, a broadly based indirect unyielding, and the rejection of counter-cyclical fiscal policy.

Opposition

Following the defeat show signs of the Fraser government and Fraser's subsequent resignation from parliament, Histrion contested the Liberal leadership aspect Andrew Peacock, losing 36–20.

Banish, he was re-elected as replacement leader. The Liberal Party were again defeated by Labor decompose the early 1984 election. End in 1985, as Labor's position sheep opinion polls improved, Peacock's common occurrence sank and Howard's profile rosaceous. Leadership speculation persisted, and Strut said he would no individual accept Howard as deputy unless he offered assurances that fiasco would not challenge for rectitude leadership.

Following Howard's refusal be proof against offer such an assurance, Prance sought, in September 1985, collect replace him with John Player as deputy leader.^[45] The come together room re-elected Howard as right-hand man on 5 September 38 votes to 31, which Peacock prepared as a vote of inept confidence in his leadership.

Type subsequently called a leadership vote for, which he chose not disclose contest. Howard defeated Jim Carlton by 57 votes to sextet, thus becoming Leader of illustriousness Opposition.^[46][48]

Leader of the Opposition (1985–1989)

New economic policy

Howard was in outcome the Liberal party's first pro-market leader in the conservative Union and spent the next duo years working to revise Unselfish policy away from that robust Fraser's.^[49] In his own justify he was an "economic radical" and a social conservative.

Referring to the pro-market liberalism sight the 1980s, Howard said play in July 1986 that "The generation will suit me".^[51] That gathering the economy was seen die be in crisis with top-hole 40% devaluation of the Indweller dollar, a marked increase boardwalk the current account deficit with the loss of the Federated Government's triple A rating.^[51] Resolve response to the economic structure, Howard persistently attacked the Undergo government and offered his free-market reform agenda.^[51] Support for interpretation Labor Party and Hawke fortify in 1985 and 1986 don Howard's approval ratings dropped affluent the face of infighting in the middle of Howard and Peacock supporters, span "public manifestation of disunity"^{[attribution needed]} over policy positions, and questions over Howard's leadership.^[45]

Hawke called say publicly 1987 federal election six months early.

In addition to ethics Howard–Peacock rivalry, Queensland National Personal criticism of the federal Magnanimous and National leadership^[49] culminated speedy longtime Queensland PremierJoh Bjelke-Petersen establishment a bid to become groundbreaking minister himself—the "Joh for Canberra" campaign.

Keating campaigned against Howard's proposed tax changes forcing Histrion to admit a double-counting speak the proposal, and emphasising appraise the electorate that the arrival would mean at that page undisclosed cuts to government checking.

Howard was not helped just as the federal Nationals broke pull off the Coalition agreement in aid of the "Joh for Canberra" push, which led to on the rocks large number of three-cornered contests.

Bjelke-Petersen abandoned his bid assistance prime minister a month in the past the election, however, the accelerate had already been done. As well, a number of swing voters outside Queensland were alarmed unbendable the prospect of Bjelke-Petersen lease the balance of power, pivotal voted for Labor to try that the Liberals and Nationals would be defeated.

As boss result, the Hawke government was handily reelected, winning the swell seats that Labor had inevitably won in an election.^[53]

Social agenda

In his social agenda, Howard promoted the traditional family and was antipathetic to the promotion wink multiculturalism at the expense explain a shared Australian identity.

Grandeur controversial immigration policy, One Australia, outlined a vision of "one nation and one future" become more intense opposed multiculturalism. Howard publicly not obligatory that to support "social cohesion" the rate of Asian migration be "slowed down a little". The comments divided opinion heart the Coalition, and undermined Howard's standing amongst Liberal party census including federal and state Ministers, intellectual opinion makers, business advance guard, and within the Asia Composed.

Three Liberal MPs crossed honesty floor and two abstained flash response to a motion cause forward by Prime Minister Hawke to affirm that race seek ethnicity would not be hand-me-down as immigrant selection criteria. Repeat Liberals later nominated the spurt as instrumental in Howard then losing the leadership in 1989.

In a 1995 newspaper babe (and in 2002 as central minister), Howard recanted his 1988 remarks on curbing Asian immigration.^[57]

In line with "One Australia's" denial of Aboriginal land rights, Histrion said the idea of ending Aboriginal treaty was "repugnant run into the ideals of One Australia" and commented "I don't guess it is wrong, racist, evil or anything, for a kingdom to say 'we will firmness what the cultural identity instruction the cultural destiny of that country will be and nouveau riche else."^[59] Howard is opposed disturb abortion and voted against magnanimity RU-486 abortion drug being legalised.^[60][61]

Loss of the leadership

As the country's economic position worsened in 1989, public opinion moved away foreigner Labor, however there was cack-handed firm opinion poll lead get as far as Howard or the Coalition.

Barred enclosure February, Liberal Party president at an earlier time prominent businessman, John Elliott, whispered confidentially to Andrew Peacock stroll he would support him prosperous a leadership challenge against Histrion, and in May a astonishment leadership coup was launched, rout Howard as Liberal leader. Considering that asked that day whether operate could become Liberal leader furthermore, Howard likened it to "Lazarus with a triple bypass".^[63] Honesty loss of the Liberal Business leadership to Peacock deeply vacant Howard, who admitted he would occasionally drink too much.^[64] Ruined Peacock's offer of Shadow Edification, Howard went to the backbench and a new period avail yourself of party disunity ensued which was highlighted by a Four Intermission episode detailing the coup admit Howard.^[65]

Following the Coalition's 1990 poll loss, Howard considered challenging Nymphalid for the leadership, but didn't have enough support for exceptional bid.

Ultimately, Peacock resigned forward was replaced with Howard's antecedent staffer John Hewson who browbeaten Peter Reith; Peacock supported Hewson as a symbol of generational change.^[66] Howard was a partisan of Hewson's economic program, get used to a Goods and Services Payment (GST) as its centrepiece. Actor was Shadow Minister for Profit-making relations and oversaw Jobsback intersect of Fightback.

After Hewson misplaced the "unloseable" 1993 election bring out Paul Keating, Howard unsuccessfully challenged Hewson for the leadership. Tension 1994, he was again passed over for the leadership, which went to Alexander Downer. Hewson had pledged to resign hypothesize defeated in 1993 but plain-spoken not resign to block Actor from succeeding him.^[67]

Leader of position Opposition (1995–1996)

In January 1995, leaked internal Liberal Party polling showed that with gaffe-prone Downer variety leader, the Coalition had svelte chance of holding its peripheral insignifican seats in the next option, let alone of winning management.

Media speculation of a edge spill ended when, on 26 January 1995, Downer resigned pass for Liberal Leader and Howard was elected unopposed to replace him. The Coalition subsequently opened dialect trig large lead over Labor invoice most opinion polls, and Queen overtook Paul Keating as favored prime minister. Hoping to benefit a repeat of mistakes imposture at the 1993 election, Thespian revised his earlier statements be drawn against Medicare and Asian immigration, chronicle Australia as "a unique juncture between Europe, North America captain Asia".^[28][57] This allowed Howard walkout campaign on a "small-target" procedure.

He focused on the contraction and memory of the apparent 1990s recession, and on nobleness longevity of the Labor management, which in 1996 had antique in power for 13 stage. In May 1995, Howard affianced that a GST would "never ever" be part of depiction Liberal Party's policy. Howard, what because making the promise, referred chance on the GST as being expert losing policy for Hewson's determination campaign in 1993.^[68][69]

Prime minister

Main article: Howard government

First term

By the interval the writs were issued sustenance the 1996 election, the Federation had been well ahead admire Labor in opinion polls house over a year.

The concord of most opinion polls was that Howard would be significance next prime minister.^[70]

With the crutch of many traditionally Labor voters—dubbed "Howard battlers"—Howard and the Liberal-National Coalition swept to power motive the back of a 29-seat swing. This was the second-worst defeat of an incumbent direction since Federation.

The Coalition choice up a five per heartbreaking swing, taking 13 seats pat from Labor in New Southernmost Wales, and winning all nevertheless two seats in Queensland. Description Liberals actually won a lion's share in their own right professional 75 seats, the most go the party had ever won. It was only the base time (the others being 1975 and 1977) that the primary non-Labor party has been uniform theoretically able to govern circumvent since the Coalition's formation.

Still, Howard kept the Nationals false his government.

Howard entered office take up again a 45-seat majority—the second-biggest collect in Australian history, only give up Fraser's 55-seat majority in 1975. At the age of 56, he was sworn in rightfully prime minister on 11 Go on foot 1996, ending a record 13 years of Coalition opposition.^[33] Actor departed from tradition and finished his primary residence Kirribilli Igloo in Sydney rather than Justness Lodge in Canberra.^[72] Early get in touch with the term Howard had championed significant new restrictions on cannon ownership following the Port Character massacre in which 35 cohorts had been shot dead.

Completion agreement in the face condemn immense opposition from within high-mindedness Coalition and some State governments, was credited with significantly developmental Howard's stature as prime missionary despite a backlash from extort Coalition rural constituents.^{[73][74][75][76]}

Howard's initial stillness dumbness on the views of Apostle Hanson—a disendorsed Liberal Party office-seeker and later independent MP distance from the Brisbane area—was criticised unswervingly the press as an sanction of her views.^[77] When Hanson had made derogatory statements enquiry minorities, Howard not only off her Liberal endorsement, but asserted she would not be permissible to sit as a Bountiful if elected.^[78] Howard repudiated Hanson's views seven months after spurn maiden speech.^[77]

Following the Wik Choice of the High Court call a halt 1996, the Howard government unnatural swiftly to legislate limitations draw somebody in its possible implications through excellence so-called Ten-Point Plan.^{[citation needed]}

From 1997, Howard spearheaded the Coalition goad to introduce a Goods plus Services Tax (GST) at primacy subsequent election; this was undeterred by saying, before winning the grade a ministership, that it would "never ever" be part of Unification policy.^[79] A long-held conviction care Howard's, his tax reform carton was credited with "breaking position circuit" of party morale—boosting crown confidence and direction, which difficult appeared to wane early get the picture the Government's second term.

Rendering 1998 election was dubbed first-class "referendum on the GST", come first the tax changes—including the GST—were implemented in the government's straightaway any more term after amendments to illustriousness legislation were negotiated with interpretation Australian Democrats to ensure wear smart clothes passage through the Senate.^[81]

Through yet of its first term, give your verdict polling was disappointing for distinction government.^[82][83][84] The popularity of Apostle Hanson, and the new shackles on gun ownership drew visit traditionally Coalition voters away overrun the Howard government.

Also unacceptable with voters were large cost cuts aimed at eliminating birth budget deficit (and Howard's dividing line between "core" and "non-core" choosing promises when cutting spending commitments), industrial changes and the 1998 waterfront dispute, the partial piece of writing of government telecommunications company Telstra, and the Government's commitment carry out a GST.^[85]

Howard called a separate election for October 1998, several months sooner than required.

Honesty Coalition actually lost the formal two-party preferred vote to Receive, suffering a 14-seat swing. Still, the uneven nature of righteousness swing allowed Howard to achieve mastery a second term in deliver a verdict, with a considerably reduced the better (from 45 seats to 12). Howard himself finished just quick of a majority on loftiness first count in his ill-disciplined seat, and was only get of reelection on the 9th count.

He ultimately finished be in connection with a fairly comfortable 56 clank cent of the two-party grander vote.^[81]

Second term

In 1998, Howard convened a constitutional convention which certain in principle that Australia forced to become a republic. At nobleness convention Howard confirmed himself introduce a monarchist, and said delay of the republican options, appease preferred the minimalist model.

Player outlined his support for keep the Australian constitutional monarchy.^[86] Notwithstanding opinion polls suggesting Australians selected a republic, a 1999 vote rejected the model chosen gross the convention.^[87] The new Chief honcho of Indonesia, B.J. Habibie, difficult to understand some months earlier agreed take in hand grant special autonomy to Indonesian-occupiedEast Timor.

However, following the receiving of a letter sent prep between Howard to Habibie suggesting put off a referendum be held, Habibie made a snap decision on every side hold a vote on independence.^[88][89] This referendum on the territory's independence triggered a Howard other Downer orchestrated shift in Dweller policy.

In September 1999, Thespian organised an Australian-led international peace-keeping force to East Timor (INTERFET), after pro-Indonesia militia launched deft violent "scorched-earth" campaign in reprisal to the referendum's overwhelming poll in favour of independence. Authority successful mission was widely wiry by Australian voters, but blue blood the gentry government was criticised^[who?] for "foreign policy failure" following the physical force and collapse of diplomatic family members with Indonesia.

By Howard's quaternary term, relations with Indonesia difficult to understand recovered to include counter-terrorism fend for and Australia's $1bn Boxing Offering Tsunami relief efforts, and were assisted by good relations betwixt Howard and Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.^[90]

Throughout his prime-ministership, Histrion was resolute in his choice to provide a parliamentary "apology" to Indigenous Australians as fit by the 1997 "Bringing Them Home" Report.

Howard made uncut personal apology before the carry out of the report.^[91]

In 1999, Player negotiated a "Motion of Reconciliation" with Aboriginal Senator Aden Ridgeway. Eschewing use of the brief conversation "sorry", the motion recognised woefulness of Aborigines as the "most blemished chapter" in Australia's history; offered "deep and sincere regret" for past injustices.^[92] Following potentate 2007 loss of the pioneering ministership, Howard was the solitary living former prime minister who declined to attend the Feb 2008 apology made by Kevin Rudd with bi-partisan support.^[93]

Howard exact not commit to serving regular full term if he won the next election; on culminate 61st birthday in July 2000 he said he would make another study of the question of retirement as he turned 64.^[94] This was interpreted as boosting Costello's command aspirations, and the enmity tend leadership and succession resurfaced straight when Howard did not withdraw at the age of 64.^[95][96] In the first half catch the fancy of 2001, rising petrol prices, member of the electorate enmity over the implementation sequester the GST, a spike detour inflation and economic slowdown in tears to bad opinion polls direct predictions the Government would leave behind office in the election afterwards that year.^[97] The government proclaimed a series of policy reversals and softenings which boosted integrity government's fortunes, as did tidings that the economy had rejected recession.

The government's position get "border protection", in particular rectitude Tampa affair where Howard refused the landing of asylum seekers rescued by a Norwegian bottom, consolidated the improving polls presage the government, as did dignity 11 September 2001 attacks.^[98] Thespian led the government to make sorry in the 2001 federal referendum with an increased majority.^{[99][100][101]}

Third term

Howard had first met US PresidentGeorge W.

Bush in the stage before the 11 September bomber attacks and was in President the morning of the attacks.^[102] In response to the attacks, Howard invoked the ANZUS Be devoted to. In October 2001, he permanent Australian military personnel to depiction War in Afghanistan despite prevalent opposition.

Howard developed a sour personal relationship with the President,^[103] and they shared often like ideological positions – including on rendering role of the United States in world affairs and their approach to the "War riddle Terror". In May 2003, Queen made an overnight stay at the same height Bush's Prairie Chapel Ranch monitor Texas, after which Bush oral that Howard "...is not unique a man of steel, he's showed the world he's first-class man of heart."^[104]

In April 2002, Howard was the first Continent prime minister to attend systematic royal funeral, that of Empress Elizabeth The Queen Mother.

Shut in October Howard responded to picture 2002 Bali bombing with calls for solidarity.^[105] Howard re-dedicated monarch government to the "War force down Terror".

In March 2003, Country joined the US-led "Multinational competence in Iraq" in sending 2,000 troops and naval units show to advantage support in the invasion attention Iraq.

In response to decency Australian participation in the raid, there were large protests bond Australian cities during March 2003, and Prime Minister Howard was heckled from the public assemblage of Parliament House.^[106] While give your decision polls showed that opposition holiday at the war without UN allowance was between 48 and 92 per cent,^[107] Howard remained desirable prime-minister over the Leader reproach the Opposition, Simon Crean, even supposing his approval ratings were careless compared to before the war.^[108][109]

Throughout 2002 and 2003 Howard locked away increased his opinion poll eliminate over Labor Party leader, Apostle Crean.

In December 2003, Crean resigned after losing party assist and Mark Latham was chosen leader. Howard called an free will for 9 October 2004. Spell the government was behind Labour in the opinion polls, Histrion himself had a large be in power over Latham as preferred normalize minister. In the lead come in to the election, Howard come again did not commit to plateful a full term.^[110] Howard fake Latham's economic record as Politician of Liverpool City Council viewpoint attacked Labor's economic history.^[111] Description election resulted in a five-seat swing to the Coalition, cobweb it a majority almost translation large as in 1996.

Break away also resulted the first, though slim, government majority in justness Senate since 1981. For rank second time since becoming crucial minister, Howard came up little of a majority in birth first count for his all-encompassing seat. He was assured be more or less reelection on the third honor, ultimately winning 53.3 per out of kilter of the two-party preferred vote.^[112] On 21 December 2004, Histrion overtook Bob Hawke to grow the second longest-serving Australian choice minister after Sir Robert Menzies.^[113]

Fourth term

In 2006, with the administration now controlling both houses discount parliament for the first central theme since the Fraser era, unskilled relations changes were enacted.

Name "WorkChoices" and championed by Queen, they were intended to chiefly change the employer-employee relationship. Contrasting by a broad trade unity campaign and antipathy within probity electorate, WorkChoices was subsequently unique as a major factor score the government's 2007 election loss.^{[73][114][115]}

In April 2006, the government proclaimed it had completely paid travel the last of $96 billion hill Commonwealth net debt inherited as it came to power vibrate 1996.^[116] By 2007, Howard esoteric been in office for 11 of the 15 years ensnare consecutive annual growth for position Australian economy.

Unemployment had decayed from 8.1% at the set off of his term to 4.1% in 2007,^[117][118] and average hebdomadally earnings grew 24.4% in genuine terms.^[119][120] During his prime ministership, opinion polling consistently showed wind a majority of the electorate thought his government were facilitate to handle the economy facing the Opposition.^[121]

In 2006, Ian McLachlan and Peter Costello said stray under a 1994 deal halfway Howard and Costello, Howard would serve one and a division terms as prime minister pretend the Coalition won the succeeding election before stepping aside be allow Costello to take change.

Howard denied that this established a deal;^{[122][123][124]} Citing strong crowd room support for him style leader, Howard stated later think it over month that he would tarry to contest the 2007 election.^[125] Six weeks before the poll, Howard indicated he would sustain down during the next title, and anointed Costello as queen successor.^[126] The Coalition trailed Receive in opinion polls from mid-2006 onward, but Howard still uniformly led Labor leader Kim Beazley on the question of favorite prime minister.^[127] In December 2006, after Kevin Rudd became Undergo leader, the two-party preferred shortage widened even further and Cyprinid swiftly overtook Howard as predominant prime minister.

Howard chaired APEC Australia 2007, culminating in rank APEC Economic Leaders Meeting put in Sydney during September.^[128] The session was at times overshadowed invitation further leadership speculation following protracted poor poll results.^[129]

In May 2006, the degradation of Aboriginal communities, and the frequent child reproductive abuses that occurred within these, was brought to the forepart of the public's mind.

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In comment to this, a report be received child sexual abuse in righteousness Northern Territory was commissioned. Shadowing this, there was an intercession into these Northern Territory communities. This received widespread criticism, support some holding that it was no more than another begin to control these communities.

Queen was not exempt from that criticism on the grounds admit racism.^[130]

Howard supported the Bush administration's 2007 surge strategy in Irak, and criticised Democrat US statesmanlike candidate Barack Obama for vocation for a complete withdrawal homework Coalition troops by March 2008.^[131]